成就奖获奖人汪小全

汪小全，生于1968年1月，安徽旌德人，植物分子系统学专家。1989年毕业于安徽师范大学生物系，1992年、1997年在中国科学院植物研究所分获硕士、博士学位，1998年赴美国密歇根州立大学访问。现任中国科学院植物研究所所长、学术委员会副主任、学位委员会副主任，国家植物园研究员、博士生导师，兼任中国植物学会副理事长兼秘书长、《Journal of Systematics and Evolution》编委。2005年获国家杰出青年科学基金资助，曾任系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室主任。

主要从事植物分子系统学、生物地理学和分子生态学研究，近年来在裸子植物的分子进化、物种形成、系统发育与生物地理学及青藏高原植物物种分化和谱系生物地理学等研究方面取得了重要成果。迄今发表论文70余篇，其中30余篇（第一或通讯作者）发表在Mol. Biol. Evol.、Mol. Ecol.、Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.、J. Biogeogr.、J. Mol. Evol.、Ann. Bot.等进化生物学和生态学领域的国际主流杂志上。

1.种子植物的系统发生、进化与生物地理学研究

他带领团队重建了全球裸子植物科属的进化框架，确立了种子植物进化树中争议最大的倪藤类的系统位置；揭示了松柏类的物种多样性形成机制和分布格局成因，重建种子植物五大支系进化树，阐明松属物种多样性形成机制，提出“松属中纬度进化博物馆”假说，确定了银杉、百山祖冷杉等多种一级保护植物的进化位置，开发了精准的银杉产地溯源技术；建立了全球杜鹃花属首个高分辨率的进化树，揭示了该属适应多样化生境的分子机制。

2. 青藏高原植物物种形成、分化及谱系生物地理学研究

基于父系遗传的叶绿体基因和母系遗传的线粒体基因序列综合分析，证实了青藏高原重要森林树种高山松为云南松和油松的二倍体杂种，揭示了该杂交物种形成中的双向基因交流（两个亲本在不同次的杂交事件中均充当过父本或母本）及居群建立过程，发现高山松的物种形成曾经历强烈的奠基者效应和回交，推测青藏高原的隆升解除了云南松与油松的地理隔离，进而导致种间杂交产生高山松。解析了青藏高原及周边地区裸子植物的物种形成机制，揭示了长花马先蒿、云南铁杉等代表性物种的进化历史和种群动态，为青藏高原气候和环境变迁研究提供了生物学证据；

3. 为我国植物科学发展、国家植物园体系建设、生物多样性保护等做出了突出贡献

他兼任中国植物学会副理事长和秘书长、国家植物园副理事长等，推动了我国首个国家植物园的建立，牵头建设了国家植物标本资源库、中国科学院植物科学数据中心等，2022年起主持国家植物园建设工作，建成国家重点野生保护植物信息系统等大数据平台，推动迁地保护珍稀植物近千种。 

Wang Xiaoquan‌, born in January 1968 in Jingde, Anhui, is a specialist in plant molecular systematics. He graduated from the Department of Biology at Anhui Normal University in 1989 and obtained his master's (1992) and doctoral (1997) degrees from the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). In 1998, he conducted research as a visiting scholar at Michigan State University in the United States. He currently serves as the Director of the Institute of Botany, CAS, as well as the Deputy Director of the Academic Committee and the Degree Committee. He is also a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the National Botanical Garden, holding concurrent positions as Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Botanical Society of China and an editorial board member of Journal of Systematics and Evolution. In 2005, he was awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and previously served as the Director of the State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany.

His research primarily focuses on plant molecular systematics, biogeography, and molecular ecology. In recent years, he has made significant contributions to studies on molecular evolution, speciation, phylogeny, and biogeography of gymnosperms, as well as species divergence and phylogeography of plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To date, he has published over 70 research papers, with more than 30 (as first or corresponding author) appearing in internationally renowned journals such as Molecular Biology and Evolution, Molecular Ecology, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal of Biogeography, Journal of Molecular Evolution, and Annals of Botany.

‌1. Phylogenetics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Seed Plants‌

Leading his team, he reconstructed the evolutionary framework of gymnosperm families and orders, resolving the contentious phylogenetic position of Gnetales within the seed plant tree. He elucidated the mechanisms underlying species diversity and distribution patterns in conifers, reconstructed the evolutionary trees of the five major seed plant lineages, and proposed the "mid-latitude evolutionary museum" hypothesis for the genus Pinus. He also determined the evolutionary positions of several first-class protected plants, such as Cathaya argyrophylla and Abies beshanzuensis, and developed precise origin-tracing technology for Cathaya argyrophylla. Additionally, he constructed the first high-resolution evolutionary tree for the genus Rhododendron, revealing the molecular mechanisms behind its adaptation to diverse habitats.

‌2. Speciation, Divergence, and Phylogeography of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Plants‌

Through comprehensive analyses of paternally inherited chloroplast genes and maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA sequences, he confirmed that the important forest tree species Pinus densata (a diploid hybrid) originated from P. yunnanensis and P. tabuliformis. He revealed bidirectional gene flow (with both parental species serving as either the father or mother in different hybridization events) and the population establishment process during the formation of this hybrid species. He also found that P. densata speciation was strongly influenced by founder effects and introgression, suggesting that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lifted the geographic barrier between P. yunnanensis and P. tabuliformis, leading to their hybridization and the formation of P. densata. His work further deciphered the speciation mechanisms of gymnosperms in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding regions, elucidating the evolutionary history and population dynamics of representative species such as Pedicularis longiflora and Tsuga chinensis, providing biological evidence for studies on past climate and environmental changes in the region.

‌3. Contributions to Plant Science, National Botanical Garden System, and Biodiversity Conservation‌

As Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Botanical Society of China and Vice Chairman of the National Botanical Garden, he played a pivotal role in establishing China’s first National Botanical Garden. He led the development of the National Plant Specimen Resource Bank and the CAS Plant Science Data Center. Since 2022, he has overseen the construction of the National Botanical Garden, establishing big data platforms such as the National Key Wild Plant Protection Information System, facilitating the ex-situ conservation of nearly 1,000 rare and endangered plant species.