周俊，生于1932年2月。中国科学院院士，中国科学院昆明植物研究所研究员，从事植物化学研究。

       五十多年来系统地进行了具有重要药用价值的人参属(Panax)、重楼属(Paris)、天麻属(Gastodia)、鹅绒藤属(Cynanchum)、牛奶菜属(Marsdenia)、薯蓣属(Dioscorea)、乌头属(Aconitum)、仙茅属(Curculigo)、缬草属(Valeriana)、石竹科(Caryophylaceae)若干属100余种植物的三萜、甾体(C27及C21)、酚类、环肽、三萜配糖体和生物碱的研究，发现药用植物的新化学成分550多个，其中新类型15个，发表学术论文400余篇，《中国油脂植物》、《橡子》专著两部。若干研究成果如薯蓣皂素、秋水仙碱、天麻素、宫血宁已在生产上长期应用，产生了显著的社会经济效益。结合植物亲缘系统及地理分布，较早地将植物化学与植物亲缘关系、植物地理相结合，为药用植物资源的可持续利用做出了贡献。他善于在研究方法上创新，如环肽的新检测方法等。他已培养硕士研究生17人，博士研究生35人，在读博士研究生4人。他善于发现人才，先后培养了20余名学术带头人，活跃在植物化学相关研究领域。他筹建了中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与中国西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室并形成了特色，为昆明植物研究所的学科发展、科研组织及人才培养作出了很大的贡献。

       一、重要药用植物资源化学研究并形成药物产业

       1．天麻(G. elata)化学研究及天麻素的合成

国内率先研究了天麻属植物的化学成分，阐明了天麻主要功效物质基础并通过药理合作研究，发现了治疗偏头痛、镇静的有效成分天麻素(gastrodin)。开展了合成天麻素的研究(1978年完成)，无偿转让给昆明制药厂生产至今，创造了经济效益，例如2018年销售额为10亿元以上。

       2．三七(P. notoginseng)根达玛烷型三萜皂苷研究

       1975年周俊、黄伟光、伍明珠、杨崇仁、冯国楣和吴征镒等创造性地将植物化学与植物亲缘系统及分布相结合，发表了《人参属植物的三萜成分和分类系统、地理分布的关系》，纠正三七学名不应为P. pseudo-ginseng var. notoginseng，而应为独立种P. notoginseng F. H. Chen (三七标本属名)。这一成果为《中华人民共和国药典》及药学界采用。鉴于中药多用水煎剂，周俊率先用近现代技术在国内系统开展药用植物水溶性三萜配糖体的研究，由周俊、伍明珠和日本广岛大学田中治合作，除证明三七有人参皂苷Rb1和Rg1等外，发现新三七皂苷如notoginsenoside R1和R2等5个，为国内人参皂苷方面的最早化学研究。系列工作阐明了人参属主要化学成分，为三七药用打下基础并有产业推动作用。

       3．滇重楼(P. polyphrlla var. yunnanensis)与宫血宁

对重楼属6种植物进行了系统的化学研究，在此基础上研究了主要成分的止血缩宫活性，阐明了重楼有效成分偏诺皂苷结构与活性的关系，研发出治疗妇科出血的“宫血宁”药物，1986年云南白药厂开始生产至今，形成白药集团的主要产品之一，产生了显著的社会和经济效益。

       4．薯蓣皂素(diosgenin)的研究

       1959年，国家急需合成甾体激素和避孕药原料薯蓣皂素(diosgenin)的国产原料，周俊等承担了这一任务，在1959~1963年完成国产薯蓣属植物皂苷元的化学成分及其分布规律研究，首次发现盾叶薯蓣等薯蓣皂素含量高，为合成药理想原料。1962年周俊将论文交吴征镒在上海有机所召开的天然产物化学讨论会上，首次提出薯蓣属根茎组是我国乃至世界寻找薯蓣皂素最有希望的一组，这一推断为长期实践证明，并在1964年获科学院优秀成果奖，1987年与江苏植物所等共获全国科学大会奖。

       5．秋水仙碱国产资源研究

1962~1964年完成秋水仙碱国产资源丽江山慈菇和嘉兰的化学和生产工艺研究，1973年这一成果为昆明制药厂接受投产。

       二、植物化学与植物亲缘关系、植物地理相结合，开展药用植物资源的利用及化学研究

他较早地创造性地将植物化学与植物亲缘系统及地理分布相结合并形成了特色，为经济和药用植物资源的利用及化学的发展做出了贡献。周俊及其团队系统地进行了人参属、重楼属、鹅绒藤属等化学成分与化学分类学研究，发表了人参属植物的三萜成分和分类系统、地理分布的关系，周俊和吴征镒指导李德珠、张壮鑫、邱声祥等对鹅绒藤属及其近缘属的化学分类——兼论白前属(Vincetoxicum)的恢复问题。

       1．人参属三七的学名有重要意义，何景、曾沧江1973年将三七定为假人参的一个变种，周俊、杨崇仁、吴征镒等改定为P. notoginseng。这一改正在科学上没有疑问，在商业上三七与假人参无关，其意义不言自明。

       2．《橡子》：周俊和同事在推广代食品实践中，周俊根据对壳斗科植物淀粉、油脂和糅质的分析结果；1961年在《云南学术研究》第5期发表了《植物体内有用物质积累和亲缘关系的探讨：糅质在壳斗科植物中的分布规律》，是国内正式发表最早的植物化学分类研究论文。

       3．《中国油脂植物》：周俊和贾良智教授从1980年开始组织全国20多个研究研究单位对我国主要油脂植物进行了系统脂肪分析，报道了108科397属814种油脂植物含油量、油脂理化性质及脂肪酸的组成。编写成《中国油脂植物》，1987年由科学出版社出版。1990年获得国家自然科学三等奖。

       三、植物环肽的系统研究

       周俊团队最早在国内系统地开展植物环肽研究，创造性建立了植物环肽的检测新方法并探索了环肽的合成通路，基本厘清环肽植物分布类群并提出天然环肽结构新的分类。对石竹科等20余种植物中的环肽结构进行了鉴定，发现太子参含有以常见氨基酸为主兼有不常见氨基酸组成的环肽，用多种二维核磁技术解决环肽结构和溶液中构象，首次发现植物环肽配糖体。发表论文50余篇，成为世界上植物环肽研究主要群体之一，引起国外学者的注意和跟踪研究。同时现有研究结果已初步证实环肽可能沟通被子植物原始类群木兰目番荔枝科和石竹目的进化关系。

ZHOU Jun

Prof. ZHOU Jun was born in February 1932. He is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also a plant chemist.

In the past 50 years, Prof Zhou Jun and his group took the lead in systematically pharmaceutical research of more than 100 TCM from genus of Dioscorea, Aconitum, Panax, Paris, Cynanchum, Gastrodia, Dendrobium etc. and family Asclepiadaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Hypoxidaceae etc. The main active compositions of those TCM were revealed as steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, cyclic peptides and phenols etc., We have found more than 550 new chemical components of medicinal plants including 15 new types, and published 330 academic papers. In addition, there are two monographs: Chinese oil plant and Acorn. Several research achievements, such as diosgenin, colchicine, gastrodin and Gongxuening, have been applied in production for a long time and have produced remarkable social and economic benefits. Combining plant kinship system and geographical distribution with phytochemistry, Prof Zhou and his group has contributed remarkable to the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources. He is good at innovation in research methods, such as new detection methods of cyclopeptide. He has trained 17 postgraduate students, 21 doctoral students and 5 doctoral students. He is good at discovering talents, has trained more than 20 academic leaders, active in the field of plant chemistry related research. He established the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and sustainable utilization of plant resources in Western China of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and formed its own characteristics, which made great contributions to the discipline development, scientific research organization and personnel training of Kunming Institute of Botany.

Chemistry Research of Important Medicinal Plant Resources and Formation of Pharmaceutical Industry

1. Chemical Studies of Gastrodiaelata and Synthesis of Gastrodin

The chemical constituents of ″Tianma″ were first studied in China by Prof Zhou′s and his group and then the main functional substances of Gastrodia spp. were elucidated. Through pharmacological cooperation, the effective ingredient gastrodin for migraine and sedation was found. After that, the research on synthesis of gastrodin was carried out (completed in 1978) and then transferred to Kunming Pharmaceutical Factory free of charge (there was no transfer system at that time). So far, the production has created economic benefits, such as sales of more than 1 billion yuan in 2018.

2. Study on Dammaran-type triterpenoidsaponins of Panaxnotoginseng

In 1975, Zhou Jun, Huang Weiguang, Wu Mingzhu, Yang Chongren, Feng Guomei and Wu Zhengyong creatively combined phytochemistry with plant kinship system and distribution to developed plant resource and natural products research. Their progress focused on genus Panax was then published as "Triterpenoids from Panax Linn. and Their Relationship with Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution". The work corrected the scientific name of  "Sanqi"  should be independent species of P. notoginseng F. H. Chen, but not P. pseudo-ginseng var. notoginseng. This achievement was adopted by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and pharmaceutical circles. In view of the fact that TCM are usually decocted with water, Zhou Jun took the lead in systematically studying on water-soluble triterpenoid glycosides of medicinal plants in China with modern technology. In the cooperation of Zhou Jun, Wu Mingzhu and TianZhongzhi of Hiroshima University, Japan, they developed earliest chemical study on ginsenosides in China. As a results, five new notoginsenosidesaponins, such as notoginsenoside R1 and R2, were found in Panaxnotoginseng. This series of work clarifies the main chemical constituents of Panax, lays the foundation for the medicinal use of Panaxnotoginseng and plays an industrial role.

A systematic chemical study was carried out on six species of Paris, on the basis of which the hemostatic and uterine contraction activities of the main components were studied. The relationship between the structure and activity of pennoside, an effective component of Paris, was clarified.Gongxuening, a drug for gynecological hemorrhage, was developed. Since its production in Yunnan Baiyao Factory in 1986, a Baiyao Group has been formed. One of the main products has produced remarkable social and economic benefits.

Studies on diosgenin: In 1959, China urgently needed to synthesize steroid hormones and diosgenin, a raw material for contraceptives. Zhou Jun and others undertook this task. From 1959 to 1963, they completed the chemical composition and distribution of diosgenin in the genus Dioscorea and found diosgenin for the first time. It is an ideal raw material for synthetic medicine because of its high content. In 1962, Zhou Jun presented his paper to Wu Zhengyong at the Symposium on Natural Product Chemistry held by Shanghai Organic Institute. For the first time, Sect. Stenophora of Dioscorea is the most promising group for searching for diosgenin in China and even in the world. This inference has been proved by long-term practice and won the Excellent Academy of Sciences Award in 1964. In 1987, it joined Jiangsu Institute of Botany and so on. He won the prize of the National Science Congress.

Research on domestic resources of colchicine: The chemical and production technology of domestic resources of colchicine Iphigenia indica and Gloriosasuperba were completed from 1962 to 1964. This achievement was accepted and put into production by Kunming Pharmaceutical Factory in 1973.

Combining phytochemistry with plant relationship and phytogeography to develop the utilization and chemical research of medicinal plant resources

He creatively combines phytochemistry with plant kinship system and geographical distribution and forms characteristics earlier, contributing to the utilization of economic and medicinal plant resources and the development of chemistry. Zhou Jun and his team have systematically studied the chemical constituents and taxonomy of the genus Ginseng, Paris and Velvet, and published the relationship between triterpenoids and taxonomic system and geographical distribution of the genus Ginseng. Zhou Jun and Wu Zhengyi have instructed Li Dezhu, Zhang Zhuangxin and QiuShengxiang on the chemical constituents of Velvet and its related genera. Class-and on the restoration of Vincetoxicum.

1. The scientific name of Panaxginseng is of great significance. He Jing and Zeng Cangjiang designated P. notoginseng as a variety of pseudoginseng in 1973, and Zhou Jun, Yang Chongren and Wu Zhengyi as P. notoginseng. There is no doubt in science that this change has nothing to do with pseudoginseng in commerce, and its significance is self-evident.

2. Acorn: Zhou Jun and his colleagues in the promotion of food practice for generations, Zhou Jun, based on the analysis of starch, oil and mince of Fagaceae plants, published in the fifth issue of Yunnan Academic Research in 1961 "Accumulation of useful substances in plants and their relationship: the distribution of mince in Fagaceae plants", which is a national positive. The first papers on phytochemistry classification were published.

3. Fat Plants in China: Prof. Zhou Jun and JiaLiangzhi have organized more than 20 research institutes in China since 1980 to systematically analyze the fat content, physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of 814 kinds of oil plants belonging to 397 genera, 108 families. It was compiled and published by Science Publishing House in 1987. In 1990, he won the third prize of National Natural Science.

Systematic Studies on Plant Cyclic Peptides

Zhou Jun's team was the first to systematically study plant cyclic peptides in China, and creatively established a new method for the detection of plant cyclic peptides and explored the synthetic pathways of cyclic peptides. The distribution groups of cyclic peptides in plants were basically clarified and a new classification of natural cyclic peptides was proposed. The structure of cyclic peptides in more than 20 plants, such as Caryophyllaceae, was identified. It was found that Pseudostellariaheterophylla contains cyclic peptides composed mainly of common amino acids and uncommon amino acids. The structure of cyclic peptides and conformation in solution were solved by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) techniques. The cyclic peptide glycosomes in plants were found for the first time. More than 50 papers have been published, which has become one of the major groups of plant cyclopeptides research in the world and attracted the attention and follow-up research of foreign scholars. At the same time, the existing research results have preliminarily confirmed that cyclic peptides may communicate the evolutionary relationship between Magnoliaceae and Caryophyllaceae, the primitive group of angiosperms.

第二届吴征镒植物学奖杰出贡献奖获得者 周俊院士

周俊院士获奖感言